تنظیم‌گری حریم خصوصی در فضای مجازی (مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق ایالات متحده آمریکا، اتحادیه اروپا و ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق عمومی و اقتصادی. دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده
امروزه فناوری نوین اطلاعات و ارتباطات، نقشی پایه در امور اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی جوامع ایفا کرده است و به عنوان نیروی محرک در رشد و توسعه جوامع بشری بشمار می‌آیدکه این فناوری نوین زمینه‌ساز نوعی رسانه اجتماعی شده است. این رسانه با دارا بودن ویژگی تعاملی، فضای نوینی به نام فضای مجازی را در عرصه کنشگری ایجاد نموده است. تاثیر دسترسی و استفاده از این رسانه تعاملی جهانی، ارتقا و دفاع از حقوق مدنی –سیاسی و حقوق اقتصادی در سراسر جهان می‌باشد. از این رو ارتباط حیاتی بین فضای مجازی و حقوق بشر وجود دارد. ازآنجاکه حقوق بشر حقوقی غیرقابل نقض و ذاتی هر انسان شمرده می‌شود، این حقوق نیز باید در فضای مجازی همانند فضای فیزیکی ترویج و حمایت شوند. بدیهی است برخورد بالقوه‌ای بین قوانین حمایت از حقوق بشر و اصل جریان نامحدود اطلاعات در فضای مجازی وجود دارد. یکی از مهم‌ترین مهم‌ترین حقوق بشرِ متاثر از ارتباط اینترنتی حریم خصوصی است، لذا اتخاذ مدل تنظیم‌گری مطلوب در جهت حمایت از حقوق مذکور از ضروریات موضوع مورد بحث است. در این مقاله، استدلال می‌گردد که مدل مطلوب تنظیم‌گری محتوای فضای مجازی، مدل تنظیم‌گری مشارکتی است. این مدل از تنظیم‌گری بر یک چارچوب قانونی استوار است که بر پایه آن نهادهای خصوصی امور خود را به‌وسیله‌ی کدهای رفتاری یا مجموعه‌ای از قوانین سامان می‌دهند که می‌توان از رابطه‌ی هم‌زیستی قانون، هنجارهای اجتماعی و معماری اینترنت در این مدل از تنظیم‌گری بهره‌برداری نمود تا نتیجه‌ای هم‌افزایانه قابل‌تحقق باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Regulation of Privacy in Cyberspace: A Comparative Study in the Laws of the United States of America, the European Union and Iran

نویسنده English

Saeede MAZINANIAN
PhD Graduate of Public Law, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده English

Today, modern information and communication technology has played a basic role in the social, economic and cultural affairs of societies and is considered as a driving force in the growth and development of human societies that this new technology has become the foundation of a kind of social media. With its interactive feature, this media has created a new space called virtual space in the field of activism. Because cyberspace is a unique communication medium, citizens are not only content consumers but also content creators. Therefore, the content of virtual space has become as diverse as human thinking. The effect of accessing and using this global interactive media is to promote and defend civil-political and economic rights around the world. Therefore, there is a vital connection between cyberspace and human rights. Since human rights are considered inviolable and inherent rights of every human being, these rights should be promoted and supported in virtual space as well as in physical space.Obviously, there is a potential conflict between human rights protection laws and the principle of unrestricted information flow in cyberspace. One of the most important human rights affected by internet communication is privacy; therefore, adopting a suitable regulatory model to protect the mentioned rights is one of the essentials of the subject under discussion.In this article, it is argued that the optimal model of cyberspace content regulation is the cooperative regulation model. This model of regulation is based on alegalframework based on which private institutions organize their affairs through codes of conduct or a set of rules, which can be used for the symbiotic relationship of law, social norms and Internet architecture in this model of regulation to achieve a synergistic result.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

cyberspace"
regulation"
human rights"
privacy"
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evaluation"
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command and control"
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Co-Regulation "
 
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Regulation and document
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Judicial Precedent
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سایت
 
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