نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 دکترای حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه پاریس 1 پانتئون-سوربن، پژوهشگر فرادکترا دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Attacks on economic infrastructure have increasingly emerged as a defining characteristic of contemporary transnational state violence, reshaping the landscape of modern conflict and expanding the scope of harm far beyond traditional battlefield engagements. In the context of the Third Imposed War, this transformation became particularly evident as the adversary adopted a deliberate and systematic strategy of targeting “mother industries,” especially steel and petrochemical complexes. These industries are not merely production units; they constitute the backbone of national development, industrial productivity, and socioeconomic stability. As the article emphasizes, “attacking a petrochemical or steel complex is not merely a military operation with limited collateral effects; it opens two parallel fronts against civilians—an economic‑social front and an environmental front.” This dual‑front destruction underscores the multidimensional nature of harm inflicted through such attacks and reveals the profound vulnerability of societies whose livelihoods depend on the stability of economic infrastructure.Economically, the paralysis of major industries triggers cascading failures across hundreds of upstream and downstream sectors. These failures manifest in mass unemployment, inflationary shocks, disruptions in supply chains, housing crises, and long‑term developmental stagnation. The destruction of a single petrochemical facility, for example, can halt production in dozens of dependent industries,
کلیدواژه‌ها English
