نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
3 استادیار، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) h.zakerinia@shirazu.ac.ir
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
While the precautionary principle has been articulated in various international legal instruments, its application remains subject to differing interpretations. Established to legitimize state-led precautionary measures against potential serious and irreversible environmental hazards, the principle stipulates that scientific uncertainty shall not justify postponing preventive action. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research examines the principle's effects and application within international commercial relations between states and business companies. Despite significant challenges—including its inherent conflict with free trade, conceptual ambiguities, and its misuse by states for political and economic objectives—the principle's application in this arena is increasing. The most significant effects of the precautionary principle in regulating these relations include indirect influence through standard-setting and the creation of civil liability; the imposition of obligations on states to monitor commercial markets and restrict hazardous products, and the direct incorporation into trade agreements and the jurisprudence of investment arbitration tribunals. Preventing the misuse of the principle by states necessitates transparency, novel risk assessment methods, and adherence to the four principles of proportionality, least trade-restrictive measures, non-discrimination, and consistency.
کلیدواژهها English
) منابع فارسی
مقاله
References
Books
Shaw, Sabrina and Risa Schwartz, Trading Precaution: The Precautionary Principle and WTO. UNU-IAS Report, 2005.
Sunstein, Cass. R., Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Trouwborst, Arie, Evolution and Status of the Precautionary Principle in International Law. International Environmental Law and Policy (Series), Vol. 62, Dordrecht: Kluwer Law International, 2002.
Whiteside, Kerry H., Precautionary Politics: Principle and Practice in Confronting Environmental Risk. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006.
Articles
https://doi.org/10.22099/jls.2018.14934.1754/
https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2019.260648.1790/
https://doi.org/10.22054/qjpl.2017.20009.1473/
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009611419680/
https://doi.org/10.3390/laws13020022/
https://doi.org/10.1080/1366987042000158686/
Legislative Instruments and Awards