تلالو حقوق بین‌الملل اقتصادی بر سه ابزار جنگ‌ تجاری: تاملی بر تقابل چین و آمریکا

زمانه قدیم, نوید

doi:10.48308/eclr.2025.239258.1152

تلالو حقوق بین‌الملل اقتصادی بر سه ابزار جنگ‌ تجاری: تاملی بر تقابل چین و آمریکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

نوید زمانه قدیم ^¶

استادیار حقوق بین‌الملل موسسه آموزش عالی رشدیه، تبریز، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.48308/eclr.2025.239258.1152

چکیده

جنگ‌های تجاری به‌ویژه در سطح بین‌المللی، به‌عنوان یکی از چالش‌های مهم اقتصادی و سیاسی در روابط کشورها شناخته می‌شوند. در این مقاله، به تحلیل سه ابزار اصلی جنگ‌ تجاری، شامل افزایش تعرفه‌ها، ممنوعیت صادرات فناوری، سیاست‌های حمایتی، با تمرکز بر تقابل اقتصادی چین و آمریکا پرداخته می‌شود. هدف این تحقیق بررسی نحوه تأثیرگذاری اصول و قواعد حقوق بین‌الملل اقتصادی بر این ابزارها و تحلیل چالش‌های حقوقی مرتبط با آنها است. با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی ضمن بررسی اسناد مرتبط با سازمان تجارت جهانی و توافقات دوجانبه نظیر توافقنامه‌های بین‌المللی سرمایه‌گذاری و نیز نقش صندوق بین‌المللی پول و بانک جهانی، مقاله به‌ویژه بر رویکردهای حقوقی در مواجهه با این ابزارها متمرکز می‌شود و تلاش دارد تا محدودیت‌ها و فرصت‌های موجود برای حل‌وفصل اختلافات تجاری از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل اقتصادی را تبیین نماید. در نهایت، مقاله با نگاهی بر جنگ تجاری چین و آمریکا راهکارهایی برای بهبود هماهنگی حقوقی در عرصه تجارت جهانی ارائه می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اصلاحات نهادی در سازمان تجارت جهانی، ارتقای انسجام میان نهادهای اقتصادی بین‌المللی، و طراحی سازوکارهای شفاف‌تر برای تبیین مرزهای مشروعیت اقدامات حمایتی و امنیتی ضرورت دارد

کلیدواژه‌ها

جنگ تجاری

افزایش تعرفه‌ها

ممنوعیت صادرات فناوری

سیاست‌های حمایتی

حقوق بین‌الملل اقتصادی

چین

آمریکا

عنوان مقاله English

The Splendor of International Economic Law on the Three Tools of Trade War: A Reflection on the Confrontation between China and the United States

نویسنده English

Navid Zamaneh Ghadim

Ph.D., Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Std_abbasi378@alumni.khu.ac.ir

چکیده English

Trade wars, especially at the international level, are recognized as one of the most important economic and political challenges in relations between countries. This article analyzes the three main tools of trade war, including tariff increases, technology export bans, and protectionist policies, focusing on the economic confrontation between China and the United States. The aim of this research is to examine how the principles and rules of international economic law affect these tools and to analyze the legal challenges associated with them. Using a descriptive-analytical method, while examining documents related to the World Trade Organization and bilateral agreements such as international investment agreements, as well as the role of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the article focuses in particular on legal approaches to dealing with these tools and attempts to explain the limitations and opportunities available for resolving trade disputes from the perspective of international economic law. Finally, the article, looking at the China-US trade war, presents solutions for improving legal coordination in the field of global trade. The findings indicate that institutional reforms within the World Trade Organization, the enhancement of coherence among international economic institutions, and the design of clearer mechanisms to define the boundaries of legitimacy for protective and security measures are necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Trade war

tariff increases

technology export bans

protectionist policies

international economic law

China

USA

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