نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران.
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Nowadays, due to increasing importance of international trade and transportation of crude oil, sellers and purchasers of crude oil are constantly looking for the best and most efficient insurance coverages for their oil cargoes, which they sell and purchase. This has become significantly important especially in recent decades, due to considerable increase in oil price which has subsequently increased extensively the risks of transportation of crude oil.
This article studies the general clauses of Lloyd’s marine policy, as one of the most important examples of model contract and clauses on oil cargo insurance. It then focuses on exploring the guaranteed outturn clause and the difficulties which may arise if the sale and purchase contracts keep silent on the quality determination issue. This paper can assist the owners and carries of crude oil to have a better understanding of their risks and to use the best and most efficient options available to cover and control the risks of their commercial voyage.
کلیدواژهها English
References
Books
Articles
Dissertations
Reports
https://publishing.energyinst.org/topics/hydrocarbon-management/ marine-measurement-and-cargo-assurance/hm-49-api-mpms-chapter-17.9-vessel-experience-factor-vef, (Last Visit 9/16/2024).
https://greenwoods.org/bulk-oil-clauses-analysis, (Last Visit 9/16/2024).
https://www.ukpandi.com/news-and-resources/articles/2015/sts-cargo-transfers-vef, (Last Visit 9/16/2024).
https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/understanding-crude-oil-washing-operation-on-oil-tanker-ships, (Last Visit 9/16/2024).
Documents
https://www.iua.co.uk/IUA_Member/Clauses/eLibrary/Clauses_Summary.aspx?DocumentKey=3FBFF97B-23A2-4351-B23B-0A6DF08DF8B1&TemplateType=E&DialogCacheParam=0.21634900849994265&IsPopup=true, (Last Visit 9/16/2024).