نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) m.farahani@modares.ac.ir
چکیده
بروز انگارههای نوینی چون «پویایی بسیار زیاد بازار»، «تمرکز و انحصارگرایی فزاینده آن»، «بازگشتناپذیری رقابت»، «ماهیت دوگانه پلتفرم» و «صعوبت اثبات دعوی» در زیستبوم پلتفرمی، نظام سنتی مواجهه با رفتارهای مخل رقابت در این عرصه را با چالشهای جدی روبهرو ساخته است. پژوهش پیشرو با بهرهگیری از مطالعات کتابخانهای و اتخاذ شیوهای تحلیلی - توصیفی در مقام دستیابی به پاسخ این پرسش که ضوابط نوین مواجهه با رفتارهای مخل رقابت پلتفرمهای دیجیتال کدامها هستند، به این نتیجه دست یافته است که ریشه بخش قابل توجهی از ناکارآمدی ضوابط سنتی در این حوزه، به محوریت رویکرد «درمانی و گذشتهنگر» حاکم بر آنها بازمیگردد. بر همین اساس، راهکار اصلی برونرفت از چالشها، تکمیل ضوابط سنتی با بهکارگیری ضوابطی «پیشگیرانه و آیندهنگر» است. ضوابطی که در ساحت «رفتاری» از مسیر «تنظیم استانداردهای رفتاری» و «تأمین شفافیت الگوریتمی آزمایشی»، در ساحت ساختاری از مسیر «تحدید ساختاری پلتفرم» و «بازتنظیم ماهیت ساختاری پلتفرم» و نهایتاً در ساحت قضایی از مسیر «تغییر و تسهیل بار اثبات» و «تحدید پیشینی حق دفاع» قابل پیادهسازیاند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evolution to Ex-ante Competition Law A Reflection on the New Rules for Dealing with Anti-Competitive Practices in Digital Platforms
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Bahadori Jahromi 1
- mohammad sadegh farahani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Post-Doctoral Researcher, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Corresponding Author Email: m.farahani@modares.ac.ir
چکیده [English]
The emergence of new concepts such as "extremely dynamic market", "its increasing concentration and exclusivity", "irreversibility of competition", "dual nature of the platform" and "difficulty of proving a claim" in the platform ecosystem, the traditional system of dealing with anti-competitive behavior in this field has faced serious challenges. By using library studies and adopting an analytical-descriptive method, in order to find the answer to the question of what are the new criteria for dealing with anti-competitive practices of digital platforms, it has concluded that a significant part of the inefficiency of traditional criteria in this field returns to the centrality of the "therapeutic and retrospective" approach that governs them. Accordingly, the main solution to overcome the challenges is to complete the traditional criteria by applying "Proactive and forward-looking" criteria. The criteria in the field of "practice" from the path of "setting behavioral standards" and "providing experimental algorithmic transparency", in the structural field from the path of "structural determination of the platform" and "resetting the structural nature of the platform" and finally in the judicial field from the path of "changing and facilitating the burden of proof" and "prior limitation of the right to defense" can be implemented
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Digital Economy
- Algorithm
- Market
- Platform
- Competition Law
- Artificial Intelligence
کتاب
- جمعی از پژوهشگران زیر نظر سیدمحمود هاشمی شاهرودی، فرهنگ فقه مطابق مذهب اهل بیت علیهمالسلام، ج. 6، قم: مؤسسه دائرهالمعارف فقه اسلامی بر مذهب اهل بیت علیهمالسلام، 1426 ه. ق.
- رهبری، ابراهیم و وحید حسنی سنگانی، حقوق رقابت در عرصه مالکیتهای فکری، ج. 2، تهران: سمت، 1398.
- شمس، عبدالله، آیین دادرسی مدنی دوره بنیادین، ج. 3، تهران: دراک، 1393.
- فهیمی، عزیزالله، مبانی و قلمرو اصل صحت در معاملات، قم: دانشگاه قم، 1396.
- کاتوزیان، ناصر، اثبات و دلیل اثبات، ج. 2، تهران: میزان، 1393.
- محقق داماد، سید مصطفی، قواعد فقه، ج. 4، تهران: مرکز نشر علوم اسلامی، 1406 ه. ق.
مقاله
- بهادری جهرمی، علی، محمدصادق فراهانی، محمدمهدی جعفریان و رضا قاسمیپور، «رویههای نوین ضدرقابتی در سکوهای فضای مجازی». مطالعات حقوق عمومی، د. 52، ش. 78، 1403، صص. 421-392.
https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2024.370291.3540
- جوادی، فاطمه، سید مهدی صالحی و سید مهدی قریشی، «واکاوی مبانی فقهی اماره مجرمیت در جرم پولشویی»، فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، د. 52، ش. 1، 1398، صص. 29-48.
https://doi.org /10.22059/jjfil.2019.269465.668606
- رحمدل، منصور، «قانون اساسی ایران و اصل برائت»، نشریه حقوق اساسی، د. 4، ش. 6 و 7، 1385، صص. 91-111.
- رستمی، ولی و داوود کاظمی، «ارزیابی اصول «حق دفاع» و «علنی بودن» دادرسی مالیاتی در نظام حقوقی ایران و انگلیس»، فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی، د. 49، ش. 4، 1398، صص. 1088-1067.
https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2017.235097.1525
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https://doi.org/10.22059/jlq.2023.347799.1007709
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https://doi.org/10.22034/ijrj.2022.694912
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https://doi.org/10.22054/qjpl.2023.63811.2683
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https://doi.org/10.22099/jls.2023.44359.4775
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https://doi.org/10.22091/csiw.2022.8269.2287
قوانین
- قانون اجرای سیاستهای کلی اصل چهل و چهارم (44) مصوب 8/11/1386.
پروندهها
- رأی شماره 406 به تاریخ 14/10/1398 صادره از شورای رقابت.
- رأی شماره 437 به تاریخ 19/7/1399 صادره از شورای رقابت.
- رأی شماره 540 به تاریخ 4/11/1401 صادره از شورای رقابت.
- رأی شماره 550 به تاریخ 2/12/1401 صادره از شورای رقابت.
- رأی شماره 555 به تاریخ 20/12/1401 صادره از شورای رقابت.
- رأی مورخ 22/7/1399 صادره از شعبه دیوان عدالت اداری.
- رأی شماره ۱۵۰/۰۲/ ه ت به تاریخ 26/4/1402 صادره از هیئت تجدیدنظر شورای رقابت.
نظرات
- نظر شماره 6648/102/97 به تاریخ 24/5/1397 صادره از شورای نگهبان.
منبع الکترونیک
- آستانه، مجتبی، «هیئت تجدیدنظر شورای رقابت، اسنپ را از پرداخت خسارت معاف کرد»، دیجیاتو، قابل دسترسی در:
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https://digiato.com/article/2020/01/25 (16/6/1402).
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Cases
- Case No. 406 decision dated 2020/1/4 issued by the Competition Council. (in Persian)
- Case No. 437 decision dated 2020/10/10 issued by the Competition Council. (in Persian)
- Case No. 540 decision dated 2023/1/24 issued by the Competition Council. (in Persian)
- Case No. 550 decision dated 2023/2/21 issued by the Competition Council. (in Persian)
- Case No. 555 decision dated 2023/3/11 issued by the Competition Council. (in Persian)
- Case No. 150/02/H.T decision dated 2023/7/17 issued by the Appeals Board of the Competition Council. (in Persian)
- The judgment dated 2020/10/13 issued by the Branch of Administrative Justice Court (in Persian)